Table 2 Multivariate linear model coefficients assessing overlap of gray wolves (Canis lupus) with prey on and near the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2021. Comparisons of logit-transformed proportional overlap of individual-level wolf 95% UDs with population-level 95% occurrence distributions of moose (Alces alces), the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) migration corridor, the composite deer population, migratory deer only, or resident deer only are presented

Season: spring^a

0.66

0.41

0.12

-1.43

0.61

0.02

0.07

0.54

0.90

0.24

0.51

0.64

0.27

0.38

0.48

Season: summer^a

2.05

0.31

< 0.01

-0.44

0.46

0.34

0.61

0.40

0.13

0.40

0.38

0.30

0.51

0.28

0.08

Season: fall^a

0.86

0.29

< 0.01

0.11

0.43

0.80

1.50

0.38

< 0.01

1.53

0.36

< 0.01

0.71

0.27

< 0.01

Sex: male^b

-0.07

0.26

0.78

0.75

0.39

0.06

0.43

0.34

0.21

0.41

0.32

0.21

0.46

0.24

0.06

Pack: NE^c

1.20

0.35

< 0.01

3.63

0.52

< 0.01

2.12

0.46

< 0.01

2.11

0.43

< 0.01

1.14

0.32

< 0.01

Pack: NW^c

2.98

0.35

< 0.01

2.71

0.52

< 0.01

2.18

0.45

< 0.01

2.27

0.43

< 0.01

-0.13

0.32

0.68

Pack: SW^c

2.16

0.34

< 0.01

3.11

0.51

< 0.01

2.46

0.45

< 0.01

2.16

0.42

< 0.01

2.01

0.32

< 0.01