Fig. 4
From: Advances in biologging can identify nuanced energetic costs and gains in predators
Predation requires investment of energy and time, while involving significant risks associated with attacking and subduing prey. Example predator–prey pairs are shown here, with predation costs linked to sensors which can be used to quantify them. Tagged animals are indicated with blue collars on the relevant silhouettes. Accelerometers allow the calculation of Dynamic Body Acceleration proxies which provide estimates of energy expenditure which can be matched to distinct behavioural states. GPS and accelerometer data allow the start and end points of predation to be identified so that time spent hunting can be quantified. Inertial Measurement Units can be used to assess animal posture, to detect defensive or aggressive behaviours exhibited by prey and alert postures to be detected in predators. Predator retreat may also be identifiable from dead-reckoned movement paths