Table 2 Parameter estimates of the density difference model based on 285 settlement events observed in Finnish white-tailed eagles. The response variable was the difference between breeding and natal area densities at 10 km radius from the nests. Explanatory variables fitted were density around the natal nest in a 10 km radius (numeric, range 0–14), and expected recruitment year (numeric, 1989–2022). Expected density difference (numeric, range − 7–9) was included as a control variable. Estimates, SE, χ2, df (Satterthwaite’s) and p-values of fixed effects are shown. Variance and SD are shown for random effects, natal territory ID and expected recruitment year. All numeric predictors were scaled and statistically significant values are highlighted in bold

From: Large-scale genotypic identification reveals density-dependent natal dispersal patterns in an elusive bird of prey