Table 1 Criteria to assign telemetry data from Barrow’s goldeneyes to stages of the annual cycle

Juvenile fall migration

Starts with an unreversed > 20 km movement away from the natal site and ends with the arrival on the wintering grounds on the west coast when directional daily movements of > 100 km switch to non-directional daily movements of < 100 km

Moult migration

Starts with an unreversed > 20 km movement away from the breeding site and ends at a location where individuals are stationary (locations are < 1 km apart over land) for > 30 days

Moulting area

An area defined by a series of locations where individuals are stationary (locations are < 1 km apart) for > 30 days between July and November

Adult fall migration

Starts with a > 1 km movement away from the moulting site and ends on arrival at the coast when directional daily movements of > 100 km switch to non-directional daily movements between points < 100 km apart

Wintering area

An area defined by a series of locations on the coast with non-directional daily movements between points are < 100 km apart

Spring migration

Starts with the first unreversed > 100 km movement away from the coast and ends with the arrival at an interior wetland with non-directional daily movements between points are < 20 km apart

Breeding area

An area defined by a series of locations at an interior wetland between April and July with non-directional daily movements between points are < 20 km apart

Staging area

Areas defined by a series of locations during migrations where points are < 20 km apart for > 7 days