Coexistence of two sympatric predators in a transitional ecosystem under constraining environmental conditions: a perspective from space and habitat use

Table 2 Minta’s indices and cells’ odds [55] for each overlapping fox dyad using data from foxes collared in northern Manitoba, Canada, between 2017 and 2020

Dyad type*	Fox ID		LA:Ā	PA:Ā	L_B:B̄	P_B:B̄	L_ixn	P_ixn	Dyad's response		Odds**
Dyad type*	A	B	LA:Ā	PA:Ā	L_B:B̄	P_B:B̄	L_ixn	P_ixn	Spatial	Temporal	\(\frac{nAB}{{pABn}}\)	\(\frac{nA0}{{pA0n}}\)	\(\frac{n0B}{{p0Bn}}\)	\(\frac{n00}{{p00n}}\)
RF-AF	AB	MM	− 0.09	0.52	0.45	0.15	− 0.10	0.86	Random	Random	1.15	1.42	0.82	0.90
	FJ	MM	0.45	0.54	− 1.83	0.02	− 0.55	0.88	Singular avoidance	Solitary trend	0	0.14	1.34	0.85
	W	Gh	0.17	0.92	0.76	0.00	1.21	0.00	Singular attraction	Simultaneous	5.62	1.21	0.70	0.80
AF-AF	Gi	Gh	2.35	0.00	2.29	0.00	1.49	0.00	Symmetric attraction	Simultaneous	33	3.66	3.83	0.34
	Gi	GK	0.79	0.15	1.78	0.00	− 2.11	0.53	Singular attraction	Solitary trend	0	4.99	1.88	0.83
	DL	T	1.17	0.16	1.60	0.01	− 2.11	0.85	Singular attraction	Solitary trend	0	4.00	2.61	0.80
RF-RF	A	S	0.88	0.00	− 0.50	0.00	− 0.45	0.30	Asymmetric	Solitary trend	0.84	0.55	2.17	0.89
	A	Br	2.13	0.00	− 0.42	0.00	− 0.70	0.00	Asymmetric	Solitary	2.7	0.53	6.42	0.74
	S	LR	1.68	0.00	0.07	0.84	0.66	0.01	Singular attraction	Simultaneous	7.91	0.61	3.85	0.73
	S	I	1.33	0.00	− 0.47	0.12	− 1.51	0.18	Singular Attraction	Solitary trend	0	0.55	3.16	0.82
	LR	Br	1.15	0.00	1.75	0.00	− 2.32	0.01	Symmetric attraction	Solitary	0	4.40	2.84	0.71
	I	Br	− 1.01	0.10	0.72	0.03	− 0.90	0.67	Asymmetric	Solitary trend	0	1.90	0.34	0.92

^*AF Arctic fox, RF Red fox
^**Odds are ratio of frequency of observed (n) to expected (p) simultaneous use (AB), solitary use (A0 and B0), and non-use (00) of the area of overlap shared by individuals A and B [55]. Together with the Minta's index, they reflect the probability of attraction to or avoidance of the area of overlap. L_A:Ā and L_B:B̄: probability of finding A and B in home range_A, home range_B, and area_AB given the proportion of areal overlap. L_ixn: ratio of simultaneous presence and absence to solitary presence in the shared area

ISSN: 2051-3933