Table 2 Area and overlap of maximum likelihood fitted 40% Bayesian ellipses estimated using standard ellipse areas assessed on combinations of feather isotope (δ13Cf, δ15Nf, δ2Hf) and wing length of multiple populations of Bank, Barn and Cliff swallows sampled in Canada and the United States
Species | Isotope | Population | Area 1 (‰)2 | Area 2 (‰)2 | Overlap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bank Swallow (N = 175) | δ2Hf, δ13Cf | YT—SK | 53.8 | 107.5 | 43.2 |
YT—ON | 53.8 | 99.4 | 8.2 | ||
SK—ON | 107.5 | 99.4 | 40.1 | ||
δ13Cf, δ15Nf | YT—SK | 5.1 | 10.6 | 39.1 | |
YT—ON | 5.1 | 11.3 | 42.0 | ||
SK—ON | 10.6 | 11.3 | 63.9 | ||
δ15Nf, δ2Hf | YT—SK | 29.0 | 44.4 | 34.3 | |
YT—ON | 29.0 | 42.7 | 9.7 | ||
SK—ON | 44.4 | 42.7 | 24.3 | ||
Barn Swallow (N = 522) | δ2Hf, δ13Cf | Pacific—SK | 126.1 | 155.8 | 40.2 |
Pacific—MB | 126.1 | 111.6 | 61.1 | ||
Pacific—East | 126.1 | 168.8 | 17.8 | ||
Pacific—s. U.S | 126.1 | 155.2 | 10.0 | ||
SK—MB | 155.8 | 111.6 | 36.2 | ||
SK—East | 155.8 | 168.8 | 4.0 | ||
SK—s. U.S | 155.8 | 155.2 | 0.8 | ||
MB—East | 111.6 | 168.8 | 18.3 | ||
MB—s. U.S | 111.6 | 155.2 | 7.5 | ||
East—s. U.S | 168.8 | 155.2 | 53.5 | ||
δ13Cf, δ15Nf | Pacific—SK | 13.3 | 9.3 | 36.0 | |
Pacific—MB | 13.3 | 10.8 | 58.0 | ||
Pacific—East | 13.3 | 17.2 | 25.6 | ||
Pacific—s. U.S | 13.3 | 16.7 | 39.6 | ||
SK—MB | 9.3 | 10.8 | 40.1 | ||
SK—East | 9.3 | 17.2 | 12.0 | ||
SK—s. U.S | 9.3 | 16.7 | 21.6 | ||
MB—East | 10.8 | 17.2 | 23.7 | ||
MB—s. U.S | 10.8 | 16.7 | 39.4 | ||
East—s. U.S | 17.2 | 16.7 | 73.9 | ||
δ15Nf, δ2Hf | Pacific—SK | 93.1 | 69.8 | 47.9 | |
Pacific—MB | 93.1 | 39.1 | 42.0 | ||
Pacific—East | 93.1 | 68.9 | 19.3 | ||
Pacific—s. U.S | 93.1 | 62.2 | 9.2 | ||
SK—MB | 69.8 | 39.1 | 40.0 | ||
SK—East | 69.8 | 68.9 | 7.8 | ||
SK—s. U.S | 69.8 | 62.2 | 1.4 | ||
MB—East | 39.1 | 68.9 | 11.8 | ||
MB—s. U.S | 39.1 | 62.2 | 3.1 | ||
East—s. U.S | 68.9 | 62.2 | 55.7 | ||
Cliff Swallow (N = 165) | δ13Cf δ15Nf | YT—BC | 3.8 | 2.8 | 24.5 |
YT—SK | 3.8 | 3.1 | 67.0 | ||
YT—ON | 3.8 | 5.7 | 0.0 | ||
SK—ON | 3.1 | 5.7 | 0.0 | ||
BC—ON | 2.8 | 5.7 | 1.6 | ||
SK—BC | 3.1 | 2.8 | 35.1 | ||
δ2Hf, δ15Nf | YT—BC | 31.1 | 17.0 | 11.7 | |
YT—SK | 31.1 | 26.7 | 70.2 | ||
YT—ON | 31.1 | 54.7 | 0.0 | ||
SK—ON | 17.0 | 26.7 | 14.4 | ||
BC—ON | 17.0 | 54.7 | 0.0 | ||
SK—BC | 26.7 | 54.7 | 0.0 | ||
δ15Nf, δ2Hf | YT—BC | 16.1 | 16.9 | 21.0 | |
YT—SK | 16.1 | 11.9 | 71.6 | ||
YT—ON | 16.1 | 22.5 | 28.3 | ||
BC—SK | 16.9 | 11.9 | 17.0 | ||
BC—ON | 16.9 | 22.5 | 9.3 | ||
SK—ON | 11.9 | 22.5 | 20.9 |