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Table 2 Summary of LMM estimating correlates of variation in consecutive speed during flamingos’ post-fledging migration

From: Weather, sex and body condition affect post-fledging migration behaviour of the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus

Migration speed

Predictors

Estimate [95% CI]

SE

F

df

P

Intercept

72.05 [62.15, 81.96]

5.05

13.19

1

 < 0.0001

Year (2016)

 − 1.38 [− 19.33, 16.56]

9.15

25.58

1

0.880

Sex

 − 10.73 [− 18.30,  − 3.17]

3.86

18.86

1

0.013

Crosswind

 − 2.56 [− 5.71, 0.60]

1.61

110.02

1

0.121

Tailwind

8.52 [5.53, 11.52]

1.52

65.77

1

 < 0.0001

Cloud cover (high)

 − 1.04 [− 4.05, 1.98]

1.54

48.63

1

0.519

Cloud cover (low)

 − 1.06 [− 5.20, 3.07]

2.12

111.73

1

0.620

Cloud cover (medium)

 − 1.78 [− 5.74, 2.18]

2.02

49.08

1

0.396

Temperature

5.05 [− 2.09, 12.21]

3.64

67.82

1

0.185

Humidity

0.22 [− 4.05, 4.51]

2.18

71.12

1

0.921

Humidity2

 − 4.17 [− 6.35,  − 2.0]

1.11

112.73

1

 < 0.0001

Rain

0.96 [− 2.57, 4.51]

1.81

106.93

1

0.596

Air pressure

 − 0.54 [− 4.30, 3.21]

1.91

112.85

1

0.779

Colony (Margherita di Savoia)

 − 5.96 [− 26.47, 14.55]

10.46

23.72

2

0.574

Colony (Molentargius)

 − 8.15 [− 30.36, 14.05]

11.33

23.72

2

0.476

Cumulative distance

8.2 [4.43, 11.97]

1.92

112.98

1

 < 0.0001

Cumulative distance2

 − 8.79 [− 11.41,  − 6.18]

1.33

113.00

1

 < 0.0001

  1. Predictors included sex, year (reference level: 2015) breeding colony (reference level: Comacchio), weather variables, and cumulative distance (i.e. the total distance travelled up to the position where the consecutive speed was evaluated). Standardized estimates are shown alongside 95% confidence intervals, standard error, test statistics (Kenward-Roger approximation F test), degrees of freedom (df) and p-value (P). Predictors with significant P-values (α = 0.05) and with 95% confidence intervals non overlapping zero are shown in bold