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Table 4 Output of the LMM with the log of the maximum height a.s.l. included as dependent variable, number of fixes, hour of the day, harness type and species as fixed terms, individual identity and date as random intercepts. The model included only soaring segments and was run on a subset of the dataset (one every fourth observation was kept) to reduce temporal auto-correlation. The interaction term between harness type and species was non significant and therefore excluded

From: Effect of harness design for tag attachment on the flight performance of five soaring species

 

Soaring segments

Fixed effects

estimate (St. Err.)

 

Intercept

5.28 (0.16)***

Leg-loop

0.23 (0.001)***

Tawny eagle

0.27 (0.19)

Griffon vulture

0.56 (0.16)**

Himalayan vulture

0.47 (0.16)*

Rüppell’s vulture

0.34 (0.17).

Hour

−0.03 (0.02)

Number of fixes

0.0002 (0.0002)***

Random effects (N. groups)

intercept St. Dev.

 

Individuals

0.06 (10)

Date

0.17 (7)

Observations

302

Marginal R\(^2\)

0.30

Conditional R\(^2\)

0.37

  1. \(p<\)0.1; *\(p<\)0.05; **\(p<\)0.01; ***\(p<\)0.001