Fig. 1

Conceptual framework linking individual specialization to population spatial niche breadth (adapted from Kerches-Rogeri et al.). a The population spatial niche breadth (dotted line) in summer when food resources are abundant. b The increase in population spatial niche breadth (dotted line) in autumn (when food resources are scarce) due to increases in individual spatial niche breadth (colored lines). That is, lower spatial individual specialization would be observed. c The hypothetical home range used by the population (dotted line) and individual bats (colored lines). b and c Generalist strategies in space use that would be selected in autumn. d The increase in population spatial niche breadth (dotted line) in autumn when food resources are scarce due to increases in spatial individual specialization (colored lines). That is, lower individual spatial niche breadth would be observed. e A hypothetical home range used by the population (dotted line) and individual bats (colored lines). d and e Specialist strategies in space use would be favored in autumn