Table 1 Estimated parameters from the HMM-SSF fitted to zebra telemetry data
From: Flexible hidden Markov models for behaviour-dependent habitat selection
State/transition | Covariate | Estimate (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Movement (SSF) | Encamped | Step length L | \(\beta ^{(1)}_1\) | \(-13.6\ (-14.8,\ -12.3)\) |
log(L) | \(\beta ^{(1)}_2\) | \(-1.18\ (-1.21,\ -1.15)\) | ||
cos(\(\theta\)) | \(\beta ^{(1)}_3\) | \(-0.01\ (-0.07,\ 0.04)\) | ||
Exploratory | Step length L | \(\beta ^{(2)}_1\) | \(-3.11\ (-3.36,\ -2.86)\) | |
log(L) | \(\beta ^{(2)}_2\) | \(-0.65\ (-0.78,\ -0.53)\) | ||
cos(\(\theta\)) | \(\beta ^{(2)}_3\) | \(1.46\ (1.33,\ 1.59)\) | ||
Habitat (SSF) | Encamped | Bushed grassland | \(\beta ^{(1)}_4\) | \(0.21\ (0.03,\ 0.39)\) |
Bushland | \(\beta ^{(1)}_5\) | \(-0.19\ (-0.46,\ 0.08)\) | ||
Woodland | \(\beta ^{(1)}_6\) | \(-0.56\ (-1.08,\ -0.05)\) | ||
Exploratory | Bushed grassland | \(\beta ^{(2)}_4\) | \(-1.00\ (-1.16,\ -0.83)\) | |
Bushland | \(\beta ^{(2)}_5\) | \(-2.19\ (-2.42,\ -1.96)\) | ||
Woodland | \(\beta ^{(2)}_6\) | \(-1.96\ (-2.26,\ -1.66)\) | ||
Transition probabilities (HMM) | Encamped − exploratory | Intercept | \(\alpha _0^{(1,2)}\) | \(-1.83\ (-1.98,\ -1.69)\) |
cos\(\left( \frac{2 \pi \tau }{24}\right)\) | \(\alpha _1^{(1,2)}\) | \(0.03\ (-0.14,\ 0.21)\) | ||
sin\(\left( \frac{2 \pi \tau }{24}\right)\) | \(\alpha _2^{(1,2)}\) | \(0.81\ (0.63,\ 0.99)\) | ||
Exploratory − encamped | Intercept | \(\alpha _0^{(2,1)}\) | \(-1.26\ (-1.40,\ -1.12)\) | |
cos\(\left( \frac{2 \pi \tau }{24}\right)\) | \(\alpha _1^{(2,1)}\) | \(0.15\ (-0.02,\ 0.33)\) | ||
sin\(\left( \frac{2 \pi \tau }{24}\right)\) | \(\alpha _2^{(2,1)}\) | \(0.14\ (-0.04,\ 0.32)\) |