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Table 6 Linear models of pre-breeding migration features

From: Across the deserts and sea: inter-individual variation in migration routes of south-central European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Predictor

F

d.f

P

Least-square means (SE) / slopes (SE)

 

Latitude of the last stationary period (Lat-SPl) (n = 81)

Sex

0.00

1,75

0.981

   

Year

4.00

1,75

0.047

2010: 4.78 (0.59)

2011: 2.74 (0.78)

 

Study area

1.58

2,75

0.219

   

c-AD

0.29

1,75

0.593

   

Longitude of the last stationary period (Lon-SPl) (n = 81)

Sex

0.03

1,75

0.861

   

Year

0.73

1,75

0.399

   

Study area

0.58

2,75

0.558

   

c-AD

1.31

1,75

0.259

   

Departure date from the last stationary period (DDsp) (n = 56)

Sex

0.90

1,48

0.349

   

Year

6.90

1,48

0.012

2010: 76.74 (1.86)

2011: 84.52 (2.21)

 

Study area

0.91

2,48

0.414

   

c-Lat-SP

1.31

1,48

0.267

   

Lon-SP

7.74

1,48

0.007

− 0.84 (0.30)

  

c-AD

18.62

1,48

 < 0.001

0.73 (0.17)

  

Length of migration path (LMPprb) (n = 56)

Sex

0.23

1,48

0.637

   

Year

0.60

1,48

0.447

   

Study area

2.41

2,48

0.101

   

c-Lat-SP

13.02

1,48

0.001

− 146.74 (40.67)

  

Lon-SP

0.30

1,48

0.581

   

r-DD

7.66

1,48

0.007

− 37.80 (13.66)

  

Path straightness (PSprb) (n = 56)

Sex

0.16

1,48

0.686

   

Year

1.32

1,48

0.263

   

Study area

1.80

2,48

0.173

   

c-Lat-SP

0.19

1,48

0.669

   

Lon-SP

0.60

1,48

0.448

   

r-DD

7.45

1,48

0.008

0.43 (0.16)

  

Migration speed (MSprb) (n = 55)

Sex

0.95

1,46

0.339

   

Year

1.82

1,46

0.183

   

Study area

4.13

2,46

0.019

SE: 348.66 (28.88)a

SW: 282.98 (22.62)ab

N: 243.73 (19.86)b

c-Lat-SP

0.63

1,46

0.428

   

Lon-SP

0.74

1,46

0.395

   

r-DD

13.26

1,46

< 0.001

5.12 (1.41)

  

r- PS

0.70

1,46

0.410

   

Arrival date (ADc) (n = 54)

Sex

0.00

1,45

0.949

   

Year

23.57

1,45

< 0.001

2010: 100.20 (1.33)

2011: 110.70 (1.61)

 

Study area

2.55

2,45

0.090

   

c-Lat-SP

3.26

1,45

0.079

   

Lon-SP

5.37

1,45

0.027

− 0.50 (0.21)

  

r-DD

20.84

1,45

< 0.001

0.48 (0.11)

  

r-PS

17.12

1,45

< 0.001

− 0.39 (0.09)

  

r-MS

21.94

1,45

< 0.001

− 0.05 (0.01)

  
  1. Different superscript letters indicate significant (P < 0.05) pairwise differences of least-square means at Tukey post-hoc tests. Statistically significant predictors are highlighted in boldface. c-: centred variable; r-: residuals; the effects of significant temporal variables on pre-breeding migration features are shown in Fig. 3. See Methods for how centred variables and residuals were calculated
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Movement Ecology

ISSN: 2051-3933