Across the deserts and sea: inter-individual variation in migration routes of south-central European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Table 2 List of dependent variables and of temporal and spatial covariates included in linear models of factors explaining variation in post- and pre-breeding migration features

Dependent variable	Temporal covariates	Spatial covariates
Post-breeding migration
Length of migration path (LMP_pob)	DD_c	–
Path straightness (PS_pob)	DD_c	–
Migration speed (MS_pob)	DD_c	PS_pob
Latitude of the first stationary period (Lat-SP_f)	DD_c, MS_pob	PS_pob
Longitude of the first stationary period (Lon-SP_f)	DD_c, MS_pob	PS_pob
Arrival date to the first stationary period (AD_sp)	DD_c, MS_pob	PS_pob, Lat-SP_f, Lon-SP_f
Pre-breeding migration
Departure date from the last stationary period (DD_sp)	AD_sp	Lat-SP_l, Lon-SP_l
Length of migration path (LMP_prb)	DD_sp	Lat-SP_l, Lon-SP_l
Path straightness (PS_prb)	DD_sp	Lat-SP_l, Lon-SP_l
Migration speed (MS_prb)	DD_sp	PS_prb, Lat-SP_l, Lon-SP_l
Arrival date to the breeding colony (AD_c)	DD_sp, MS_prb	PS_prb, Lat-SP_l, Lon-SP_l

Spatial and temporal covariates were included to assess the carry-over effects of previous migration events/route features on specific migration features. DDc Departure date from the colony site

ISSN: 2051-3933