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Table 2 Parameter estimates for four-state HMM

From: Drivers of polar bear behavior and the possible effects of prey availability on foraging strategy

State

\({\hat{\mu }}^{(l)}\)[\(\dag\)]

\({\hat{\sigma }}^{(l)}\)[\(\ddag\)]

\({\hat{\vartheta }}\)[\(\S\)]

\({\hat{\kappa }}^{(\phi )}\)[\(\P\)]

\({\hat{M}}^*\)[\(\Vert\)]

Drift, D

0.63

0.31

NA

3.64

0.41

Area-restricted search, ARS

0.76

0.59

NA

0.62

NA

Olfactory search, \(O^{(L, R)}\)

2.04

0.93

92

4.28

0.29

  1. [\(^\dag\)]Mean step length (km h\(^{-1}\))
  2. [\(^\ddag\)]Step length standard deviation (km h\(^{-1}\))
  3. [\(^\S\)]Angle of attraction relative to wind \((^{\circ })\)
  4. [\(\P\)]Turning angle concentration
  5. [\(^\Vert\)]Scaled magnitude of attraction