Fig. 3

Maps showing (A) the study area locale of Wisconsin (red dashed box) in the context of the United States, (B) the study area and surrounding land (red solid box) in the context of Wisconsin, and (C) white-tailed deer dispersal events with the landscape colored by land use class. In (B), the solid red box corresponds to the bounds of the area shown in (C). The arrows in (C) initiate at each individual’s pre-dispersal range center and end at their post-dispersal range center. The dispersals for individuals that completed multiple dispersal events are shown as a single arrow connecting their first range and final range (i.e., each arrow represents a different dispersing individual). Map colors correspond to NLCD land use classifications; of the 4.4% of land pictured classified as “other,” about 84.3% is woody or emergent herbaceous wetlands, with the remainder a mix of barren land, shrub/scrub, and grassland/herbaceous. The label for Highway 18 indicates the major east-west highway that formed the southern boundary of our deer capture area. The red land use to the right is part of the urban area of Madison, WI; the major river pictured is the Wisconsin River