Timing is critical: consequences of asynchronous migration for the performance and destination of a long-distance migrant

Table 5 Influence of timing of migration on the weather conditions

Response	Leg	Predictor	Estimate (SE)	t value	p value	R² marginal	R² conditional
Boundary layer height	1	Intercept	649.8 (208.9)	3.11	−	0.01	0.56
		Date	0.92 (0.93)	1.00	0.379
		Age (juv.)	3.37 (43.35)	0.08	0.937
	2	Intercept	2710.2 (612.6)	4.42	−	0.08	0.73
		Date	− 6.29 (2.63)	− 2.39	0.017*
		Age (juv.)	− 17.64 (111.8)	− 0.16	0.875
	3	Intercept	3648.9 (507.9)	7.18	−	0.13	0.15
		Date	− 6.67 (2.11)	− 3.16	0.002**
		Age (juv.)	15.26 (77.52)	0.20	0.844
Wind support	1	Intercept	5.020 (1.92)	2.61	−	0.09	0.09
		Date	− 0.020 (0.01)	− 2.31	0.021*
		Age (juv.)	− 0.557 (0.35)	− 1.61	0.107
	2	Intercept	1.315 (1.37)	0.96	−	0.06	0.15
		Date	0.001 (0.01)	0.18	0.860
		Age (juv.)	− 0.449 (0.22)	− 2.02	0.043*
	3	Intercept	− 1.152 (1.71)	− 0.67	−	0.06	0.31
		Date	0.013 (0.01)	1.78	0.074
		Age (juv.)	− 0.334 (0.28)	− 1.21	0.228
Zonal wind speed	1	Intercept	5.677 (3.66)	1.55	−	0.05	0.12
		Date	− 0.020 (0.02)	− 1.29	0.197
		Age (juv.)	− 1.201 (0.67)	− 1.79	0.073
	2	Intercept	− 0.368 (1.61)	− 0.23	−	< 0.01	0.19
		Date	0.003 (0.01)	0.54	0.590
		Age (juv.)	− 0.019 (0.26)	− 0.07	0.942
	3	Intercept	5.673 (2.78)	2.04	–	0.06	0.87
		Date	− 0.025 (0.01)	− 2.13	0.033*
		Age (juv.)	− 0.207 (0.51)	− 0.40	0.688

Results of LMMs, testing the relationship between weather conditions white storks experienced (mean boundary layer height, mean wind support, and mean zonal wind speed) and timing of migration and age, with bird ID and year as random effects

ISSN: 2051-3933