Fig. 4
Difference in wind support (a) and thermal uplift (b) between simulated, time-shifted migration and actual migration of Demoiselle cranes. Outbound and inbound migrations are depicted using red and blue symbols, respectively. X-axes reflect the simulated time-shifts of migration ranging from ± 1 day to ± 1 month. All variables are represented as difference between time-shifted and actual conditions ± 95% family-wise confidence level. Positive values indicate better and negative values indicate poorer conditions aloft than on actual days of migration. The significance level of multiple-comparison Dunnett’s tests are indicated above each time-shift as *(p < 0.05), **(p < 0.01), and ***(p < 0.001). Horizontal dashed-line indicates the no-difference (i.e. same as actual) condition. Statistics and sample sizes are presented in Additional file 1