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Table 2. Dive parameters used for the calculations of energy landscapes

From: How animals distribute themselves in space: energy landscapes of Antarctic avian predators

 

Gentoo

Chinstrap

Dec 2013

Dec 2014

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

New I., South

New I., South

New I., North

Livingston I.

Deception I.

   

Short trip

Long trip

 

Maximum dive depth [m]

188.3

178.2

156.3

79.9

109.9

111.9

Median dive depth of pelagic dives [m]

15.8 e (3–185.9)

12.7 a,b (3–176.6)

21.1 c (3–156.5)

14.9 a (3–79.9)

15.4 b (3–109.9)

12.3 d (3–105.3)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 322.3 df = 5, P < 0.001

Median proportion of benthic dives (pBD) [%]

24 (19–30)

46 (33–66)

63 (50–67)

48 (39–53)

26 (24–39)

31 (24–43)

Median proportion of pelagic dives (pPD) [%]

76 d (70–81)

54 a,b (34–67)

37 a (33–50)

52 a (47–61)

74 c,d (61–76)

69 b,c (57–76)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 24.6 df = 5, P < 0.001

Median number of dives per foraging trip (MND)

283 a, c (202–337)

291 a, b, c (193–471)

298 a, b, c (241–331)

215 a (156–268)

402 b (299–744)

369 c (205–497)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 19.6 df = 5, P = 0.002

Median dive duration (DD), benthic dives [s]

156 a (142–177)

155 a (150–199)

176 a (157–202)

81 b (71–96)

90 b (82–95)

70 c (60–85)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 61.2 df = 5, P < 0.001

Median dive duration (DD), pelagic dives [s]

103 a (92–119)

123 a, b (117–125)

130 a (127–138)

67 c (63–73)

83 b (72–88)

55 d (51–69)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 69.8 df = 5, P < 0.001

Minimum benthic bottom time (mBBT) [s]

2

3

2

2

3

2

  1. Parameters correspond to gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua breeding at New Island (Falkland/Malvinas Islands), during chick guard (December) in 2013 and 2014, gentoo penguins breeding at Devils Point, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during chick guard (December 2016), and chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus breeding at Vapour Col rookery, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during chick guard (January 2017). Only the first foraging trip of each individual was included in the calculations in order to avoid individuals with more than one trip having more weight in the analyses. See also Figs. S1 to S4 in Additional file 1
  2. Notes: Statistically significant values are marked bold. Dunn’s homogenous subgroups are indicated in superscript similar letters