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Table 1 Parameters of foraging trips used for the calculations of energy landscapes

From: How animals distribute themselves in space: energy landscapes of Antarctic avian predators

 

Gentoo

Chinstrap

Dec 2013

Dec 2014

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

New I., South

New I., South

New I., North

Livingston I.

Deception I.

   

Short trips

Long trips

 

Individuals tagged

16

8

8

26

18

Number of complete trips

13

4

6

26

19

18

Median trip length [km]

125.6 b (87.4–161.8)

88.7 a, b (40.8–144.7)

59.1 a (52.2–61.7)

27.1 c (19.9–33.4)

66.6 a (59.2–71.0)

37.7 d (21.7–49.5)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 72.1, df = 5, P < 0.001

Median maximum distance from colony [km]

66.9 b (63.2–75.6)

47.7 a, b (23.7–75.6)

29.6 a, b (19.8–45.1)

11 c (8.6–13.4)

25.7 a (23.5–32.1)

15.5 d (8.7–20.2)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 75.3, df = 5, P < 0.001

Median trip duration [min]

1727.3 a (1062.4–2432.6)

1579.6 a (765.2–2508.0)

1129 a (850.3–1538.9)

503.4 b (373.2–641.7)

1049 a (866.1–1182)

595.5 b (371.2–641.6)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 67, df = 5, P < 0.001

Median start time of foraging (local time)

03:41:46 c (03:05:46–14:18:14)

16:49:26 a, b (11:47:02–18:25:55)

09:15:50 a, b, c (03:14:24–17:13:55)

14:52:48 a (10:10:34–17:45:36)

09:31:41 b, c (03:10:05–16:00:29)

15:38:53 a (07:16:19–18:34:34)

Kruskal-Wallis

χ2 = 17.3 df = 5, P < 0.001

  1. The data correspond to gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua breeding at New Island (Falkland/Malvinas Islands), during chick guard (December) in 2013 and 2014, gentoo penguins breeding at Devils Point, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during chick guard (December 2016), and chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus breeding at Vapour Col rookery, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during chick guard (January 2017). See also Figs. S7 and S8 in Additional file 1
  2. Note: Sample sizes vary with respect to deployments, as not all parameters could be calculated for all individuals, mainly due to some batteries running out before the finalization of an ongoing trip. Statistically significant values are marked bold. Dunn’s homogenous subgroups are indicated in superscript similar letters