Reducing human pressure on farmland could rescue China’s declining wintering geese

Table 1 Summary of Mann-Whitney U test comparing human pressure level in different regions

Species	Land cover type	Location	Mean	95% CIs	N	U	p
TBG	Farmland	YRF	17.593	17.548–17.638	50,278	1.53E+ 10	< 0.001
	Farmland	NCP	11.286	11.267–11.304	372,100	1.53E+ 10	< 0.001
	Wetland/grass	YRF	13.174	13.069–13.279	10,456	2.96E+ 9	< 0.001
	Wetland/grass	NCP	9.146	9.131–9.160	390,058	2.96E+ 9	< 0.001
GWFG	Farmland	YRF	16.955	16.913–16.998	45,441	1.67E+ 10	< 0.001
	Farmland	NCP	12.814	12.797–12.831	492,559	1.67E+ 10	< 0.001
	Wetland/grass	YRF	12.881	12.790–12.972	11,253	1.93E+ 8	< 0.001
	Wetland/grass	NCP	9.824	9.804–9.845	252,385	1.93E+ 8	< 0.001

The Northeast China Plain (NPC) stopover site has a significantly lower level of human pressure on the farmland and wetland/grass, in comparison to the Yangtze River Floodplain (YRF) wintering site. Human pressure refers to the standardized human footprint with a range of 0–50. TBG: tundra bean goose (Anser serrirostris); GWFG: greater white-fronted goose (A. albifrons). CIs: confidence intervals; N: sample size

ISSN: 2051-3933