Fig. 1

Home ranges (light gray plus dark gray areas), high use areas (dark gray areas), and low use areas (light gray areas) of three mixed species flocks (a, b, and c) at Los Amigos Biological Station, Peru in May–August 2014. The differently shaded green dots illustrate the vegetation densities recorded for Dusky-throated Antshrikes. A lighter green indicates a sparser vegetation density (minimum 0%) and a darker green indicates a denser vegetation density (maximum 65%). According to our prediction, there should be a higher proportion of darker green dots in the light gray area compared to the dark gray area. The double black lines indicate a spatial gap of 650 m