Table 3 Median values (M) of untransformed kinematic dive variables (interquartile ranges, IQR, shown in parentheses) by dive type, recorded for 30 northern resident killer whales carrying Dtags (31 deployments)

Dive duration (min)

3.68 (2.35)

2.94 (2.36)

0.33 (0.27)

0.34 (0.29)

Maximum dive depth (m)

133.67 (61.57)

34.00 (71.02)

2.75 (1.34)

3.15 (1.92)

2D dive straightness index

0.86 (0.26)

0.95 (0.12)

1.00 (0.004)

0.97 (0.05)

3D descent straightness index

0.81 (0.16)

0.94 (0.12)

0.99 (0.02)

0.93 (0.10)

3D ascent straightness index

0.90 (0.09)

0.93 (0.11)

0.99 (0.02)

0.93 (0.07)

Mean VeDBA

0.17 (0.06)

0.10 (0.07)

0.09 (0.05)

0.11 (0.08)

Maximum absolute roll (deg)

179.84 (0.15)

132.32 (128.43)

14.12 (20.72)

28.75 (32.24)

Mean absolute roll (deg)

65.92 (29.17)

21.58 (41.32)

5.50 (7.12)

9.71 (10.55)

Overall swim speed (m s⁻¹)

2.72 (0.45)

2.08 (1.12)

1.91 (0.90)

1.17 (0.75)

Descent : ascent duration

1.41 (1.31)

0.85 (0.95)

1.05 (0.53)

1.03 (0.61)

Vertical descent velocity (m s⁻¹)

0.98 (0.72)

0.66 (0.66)

0.29 (0.15)

0.32 (0.17)

Vertical ascent velocity (m s⁻¹)

1.93 (1.02)

0.57 (0.76)

0.30 (0.16)

0.33 (0.20)

Descent Δroll/time (deg s−1)

27.08 (13.47)

8.56 (13.57)

4.93 (5.40)

7.34 (6.85)

Ascent Δroll/time (deg s−1)

43.52 (26.17)

9.70 (12.55)

4.11 (4.18)

6.45 (5.69)

Descent Δpointing angle/time (deg s−1)

57.36 (22.44)

22.62 (29.98)

21.50 (20.53)

26.35 (34.65)

Ascent Δpointing angle/time (deg s−1)

51.64 (23.02)

22.05 (21.65)

11.24 (8.52)

15.37 (12.48)