Fig. 5
From: Incorporating periodic variability in hidden Markov models for animal movement
Out-of-sample predicted autocorrelations for BIC-optimal models in each category. All of the HMMs, whether temporally homogeneous or heterogenous, fit the short-term (lag <10 hour) pattern adequately: all of the temporally heterogeneous models, whether FMM or HMM, fit the long-term (lag >10 hour) pattern adequately. Dashed lines: FMMs; solid lines: HMMs; v points: within-sample Viterbi predictions of a three-state homogeneous HMM. Black line shows observed average step length by hour