Wintering North Pacific black-legged kittiwakes balance spatial flexibility and consistency

Table 5 Summary statistics for linear mixed models of environmental influences on residency time for black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) in each ecoregion

	df	AIC	ΔAIC	R² (m)	R² (c)
Bering Sea
Full model	13	5504	7	0.005	0.149
d2ed + EKE + d2hill + wind	8	5497	-	0.004	0.150
Subarctic Gyre (West)
Full model	13	13051	8	0.019	0.098
SST + d2ed + wind	7	13043	-	0.019	0.098
Subarctic Gyre (East)
Full model	13	6129	10	0.028	0.071
SST + d2hill	6	6119	-	0.028	0.071
Polar Front
Full model	13	8765	7	0.005	0.078
d2ed + d2hill + chla	7	8757	-	0.004	0.076

All models include a temporal correlation term (corCAR1(form = ~date|id)). Summary statistics of each full model (SST + depth + d2ed + slopetrn + EKE + ssh + d2hill + wind + chla) are presented first, followed by the best-fit model for each ecoregion. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used to identify the best-fit model and marginal R² (R² (m)) and conditional R² (R² (c)) are presented. Abbreviations for the environmental variables used in the table are: sea-surface temperature (SST), distance to mesoscale eddy center (d2ed), sea-surface height (SSH), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), distance to productive seamounts and knolls (d2hill), monthly chlorophyll a (chla), bathymetric slope (slope) and bathymetry (bathy)

ISSN: 2051-3933