Table 2 Summary of conventional mechanistic movement process models based on spatiotemporal formulation (time and space), movement metric, types of movement that are accounted for (directed or correlated), and accommodation of multiple movement behavior states using multistate models

discrete

discrete

position

NA

NA

yes

[13-15]

discrete

continuous

position

yes

no

yes

[28]

discrete

continuous

position

yes

no

no

[7]

discrete

continuous

velocity

no

yes

yes

[6]

discrete

continuous

step length

no

yes

yes

[18]

discrete

continuous

step length and turning angle

no

yes

yes

[5]

discrete

continuous

step length and bearing

yes

no

no

[29]

discrete

continuous

step length and bearing

yes

yes

yes

[20,30]

continuous

discrete

position

yes

no

yes

[16]

continuous

discrete

position

yes

yes

no

[17]

continuous

discrete

velocity

yes

yes

yes

[19]

continuous

continuous

position

yes

no

no

[10]

continuous

continuous

position

yes

no

yes

[4,9,31]

continuous

continuous

step length and turning angle velocity

no

yes

yes

[32]

continuous

continuous

velocity

no

yes

no

[33]

continuous

continuous

velocity

yes

yes

no

[8]

continuous

continuous

velocity

yes

yes

yes

[31]