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Table 2 Average values of both movement and energetic parameters characterising each cluster, ordered by increasing P value

From: Coupling instantaneous energy-budget models and behavioural mode analysis to estimate optimal foraging strategy: an example with wandering albatrosses

Type

Variable name

Normality

Statistic

P value

Cluster 1 FII/SAW mean (± sd)

Cluster 2 FII mean (± sd)

Cluster 3 RES mean (± sd)

Cluster 4 SAW mean (± sd)

Movement

Mean speed (m s-1)

Yes

13.01

<0.001,*

7.76 (± 1.03)

9.91 (± 1.37)

4.6 (± 0.82)

4.58 (± 1.55)

Behavioural

RELOCA (%)

Yes

15.23

<0.001,*

48.53 (±4.22)

61.52 (± 5.03)

23.89 (± 5.96)

28.43 (± 8.29)

Behavioural

RESTIN (%)

No

8.889

0.031,*

9.73 (± 2.52)

14.27 (± 8.52)

51.46 (± 3.26)

21.05 (± 7.03)

Movement

Foraging range (km)

No

7.594

0.055,*

463.6 (± 188.35)

703.02 (± 333.58)

161.48 (± 101.87)

307.05 (± 328.59)

Movement

Maximum speed (m s-1)

No

6.997

0.072,*

26.57 (± 2.03)

42.36 (± 25.72)

54.44 (± 26.02)

25.09 (± 7.54)

Behavioural

INTSER (%)

Yes

2.97

0.1,**

30.73 (± 5.13)

16.99 (± 1.81)

14.48 (± 5.22)

40.73 (± 6.67)

Energy

Daily energy expenditure (kJ day-1)

Yes

2.49

0.13,**

3.88 (± 0.36)

3.6 (± 0.55)

3.58 (± 0.23)

3.51 (± 0.42)

Energy

Daily net energy gain (kJ day-1)

Yes

2.09

0.17,**

5.06 (± 3.94)

6.59 (± 6.27)

1.47 (± 2.3)

10.57 (± 7.05)

Movement

Trip duration (h)

Yes

1.84

0.19,**

53 (± 19.64)

40.05 (± 0.06)

18.53 (± 0.23)

38.9 (± 12.84)

Energy

Daily energy gain (kJ day-1)

Yes

1.88

0.19,**

13.41 (± 5.7)

15.28 (± 9.08)

7.58 (± 3.79)

21.11 (± 10.22)

Behavioural

EXTSER (%)

No

4.269

0.23, NS

11.01 (± 1.47)

7.22 (± 3.23)

10.17 (± 4)

9.79 (± 6.67)

Energy

Mean prey weight (g)

No

3.126

0.37, NS

337.29 (± 139.77)

466.56 (± 340)

177.86 (± 61.01)

332.44 (± 301.28)

Energy

Number of prey per day

No

3.076

0.38, NS

0.01 (± 0.01)

0.01 (± 0.01)

0.01 (± 0.01)

0.02 (± 0.01)

Energy

Foraging efficiency

No

2.573

0.46, NS

2.34 (± 2.01)

8.72 (± 12.26)

1.18 (± 0.12)

4.97 (± 3.09)

Energy

Sd of prey weight (g)

No

2.436

0.48, NS

334.36 (± 146.75)

389.19 (± 283.87)

157.39 (± 137.42)

540.31 (± 573.91)

Energy

Mass at departure (kg)

Yes

0.22

0.64, NS

9.4 (± 0.93)

8.95 (± 1.04)

9.3 (± 0.28)

9.08 (± 1)

  1. An ANOVA (when normally distributed) or a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied (indicated by Normality column: yes or no) for selecting the most significant parameters (behavioural, movement and energetic) characterising clusters. Significance was set at P < 0.1 (*) and marginal significance to P < 0.2 (**), whereas higher values were not significant (NS). FII: foraging-in-flight. SAW: sit-and-wait. RES: resting.