Table 2 Age, sex, and year differences in nocturnal departure time (minutes after civil dusk) for nine species of songbirds. Age and sex are only included when we could accurately estimate these variables (see Methods)
From: Songbirds initiate migratory flights synchronously relative to civil dusk
| Â | Age | Sex | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
American Redstart (Spring) Setophaga ruticilla (n = 31) | F1,27 = 1.2, P = 0.283 | F1,27 = 0.6, P = 0.456 | F1,27 = 10.6, P = 0.003 |
American Redstart (Spring - two outliers removed) (n = 29) | F1,25 = 0.4, P = 0.539 | F1,25 = 1.3, P = 0.260 | F1,25 = 0.2, P = 0.685 |
Ovenbird (Spring) Seiurus aurocapilla (n = 17) | F1,14 = 0.2, P = 0.659 | - | F1,14 = 0.1, P = 0.767 |
Swainson’s Warbler (Spring) Limnothlypis swainsonii (n = 14) | - | - | F 1,12 = 1.5, P = 0.249 |
Kirtland’s Warbler (Spring) Setophaga kirtlandii (n = 66) | F1,62 = 0.6, P = 0.424 | F1,62 = 3.8, P = 0.057 | F1,62 = 1.1, P = 0.307 |
Kirtland’s Warbler (Fall) Setophaga kirtlandii (n = 46) | F2,41 = 0.6, P = 0.569 | F1,41 = 2.9, P = 0.099 | F1,41 = 0.9, P = 0.351 |
Gambel’s White-crowned Sparrow (Fall) Zonotrichia leucoPhrys gambelii (n = 49) | - | F1,46 = 0.3, P = 0.594 | F1,46 = 0.1, P = 0.722 |
Bicknell’s Thrush (Fall) Catharus bicknelli (n = 19) | F1,12 = 0.01, P = 0.916 | - | F1,12 = 0.2, P = 0.651 |
Swainson’s Thrush (Fall) Catharus ustulatus (Quebec, n = 23) | - | - | Χ2 = 1.8, df = 3, P = 0.616 |
Swainson’s Thrush (Fall) Catharus ustulatus (Nova Scotia, n = 65) | Χ2 = 2.4, df = 1, P = 0.124 |  | Χ2 = 2.1, df = 1, P = 0.149 |
Blackpoll Warbler (Fall) Setophaga striata (n = 49) | Χ2 = 0.4, df = 1, P = 0.531 | - | Χ2 = 0.5, df = 1, P = 0.488 |
Yellow-rumped Warbler (Fall) Setophaga coronata (n = 17) | - | - | Χ2 = 0.04, df = 1, P = 0.833 |