Activity patterns throughout the annual cycle in a long-distance migratory songbird, the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio

Table 2 Summary of the statistical model showing the relationship between daytime activity and the four main events of the annual cycle (summer, winter, autumn migration and spring migration)

Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	DF	p value
(Intercept) [ref. Autumn migration]	− 0.07	− 0.83 to 0.68	4686	0.847
Events [Spring migration]	0.84	0.49 to 1.19	4686	< 0.001
Events [Summer]	− 0.48	− 0.89 to − 0.08	4686	0.020
Events [Winter]	− 0.06	− 0.34 to 0.23	4686	0.706
Sex [M]	0.27	− 0.35 to 0.90	12	0.357
Daylength	0.33	0.29 to 0.37	4686	< 0.001
Events [Spring migration] * Sex [M]	− 0.12	− 0.53 to 0.28	4686	0.543
*Events [Summer] Sex[M]**	1.94	1.52 to 2.36	4686	< 0.001
Events [Winter] * Sex [M]	0.29	− 0.03 to 0.62	4686	0.078
Random effects
Std dev	0.4	0.26 to 0.62
N Individual	14
Observations	4707
Marginal R2/Conditional R2	0.382/0.451
Correlation Structure: ARMA(1,0) Formula: ~ day \| Individual
Phi	0.54	0.52 to 0.56

Statistically significant parameters are highlighted in bold. Model formula: sqrt(Activity) ~ events * Sex + daylength, random = ~ 1|Individual, correlation = corAR1(value = 0, form = ~ day|Individual)

ISSN: 2051-3933