Fig. 1

Average daytime activity and number of hours on migration ofred-backed shrikes throughout the annual cycle, based on accelerometer data for 14 individuals. While daytime activity varied throughout the entire year, nocturnal activity (continuous flapping flight) occurred only when migrating. Solid lines illustrate a 5-day running mean for all individuals per variable (green: migrating hours; blue: daytime activity). Data points and confidence intervals for the daytime activity are shown in Fig. 2b