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Table 4 Linear models of post-breeding migration features

From: Across the deserts and sea: inter-individual variation in migration routes of south-central European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Predictor

F

d.f

P

Least-square means (SE) / slopes (SE)

 

Departure date (DD c) (n = 81)

Sex

3.37

1,76

0.064

   

Year

10.2

1,76

0.002

2010: 252.10 (1.05)

2011: 246.32 (1.38)

 

Study area

0.03

2,76

0.963

   

Length of migration path (LMPpob) (n = 81)

Sex

0.21

1,75

0.650

   

Year

6.53

1,75

0.015

2010: 5406 (120)

2011: 5934 (157)

 

Study area

1.04

2,75

0.369

   

c-DD

1.48

1,75

0.231

   

Path straightness (PSpob) (n = 81)

Sex

0.32

1,75

0.563

   

Year

0.29

1,75

0.755

   

Study area

2.46

2,75

0.121

   

c-DD

0.06

1,75

0.803

   

Migration speed (MSpob) (n = 81)

Sex

0.03

1,74

0.858

   

Year

15.95

1,74

< 0.001

2010: 239.30 (10.34)

2011: 167.68 (13.61)

 

Study area

5.06

2,74

0.008

SE: 247.36 (17.47)a

SW: 184.79 (13.39)b

N: 178.31 (11.32)b

c-DD

6.05

1,74

0.017

2.75 (1.12)

  

PS

0.71

1,74

0.398

   

Latitude of the first stationary period (Lat-SPf) (n = 81)

Sex

0.05

1,73

0.823

   

Year

4.25

1,73

0.043

2010: 4.77 (0.55)

2011: 2.80 (0.73)

 

Study area

1.94

2,73

0.154

   

c-DD

2.49

1,73

0.116

   

PS

0.53

1,73

0.463

   

r-MS

4.36

1,73

0.043

− 0.01 (0.01)

  

Longitude of the first stationary period (Lon-SPf) (n = 81)

Sex

0.30

1,73

0.590

   

Year

0.71

1,73

0.409

   

Study area

0.56

2,73

0.573

   

c-DD

0.09

1,73

0.766

   

PS

0.11

1,73

0.743

   

r-MS

1.11

1,73

0.296

   

Arrival date to the first stationary period (ADf) (n = 74)

Sex

1.04

1,71

0.313

   

Year

36.87

1,71

< 0.001

2010: 276.64 (0.58)

2011: 282.84 (0.77)

 

Study area

32.71

2,71

< 0.001

SE: 273.63 (0.99)a

SW: 283.65 (0.63)b

N: 281.93 (0.76)b

c-DD

40.91

1,71

< 0.001

0.41 (0.06)

  

PS

28.74

1,71

< 0.001

− 0.30 (0.06)

  

r-MS

290.94

1,71

< 0.001

− 0.11 (0.01)

  

r-Lat-SP

18.94

1,71

< 0.001

− 0.58 (0.13)

  

Lon-SP

0.19

1,71

0.658

   
  1. Different superscript letters indicate significant (P < 0.05) pairwise differences of least-square means at Tukey post-hoc tests. Statistically significant predictors are highlighted in boldface. c-: centred variable; r-: residuals. the effects of significant temporal variables on pre-breeding migration features are shown in Fig. 2. See methods for how centred variables and residuals were calculated
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Movement Ecology

ISSN: 2051-3933