Movement and habitat selection of a large carnivore in response to human infrastructure differs by life stage

Table 1 Candidate models used to test the relative importance of forestry roads, public roads, and buildings and habitat selection and movement in male brown bears

Model	Explanatory covariates
Resource selection function (landscape availability)
Core	Clearcut + bog + TRI + Dist.Water
Forestry roads	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads
Public roads	Core + Dist.PublicRoads
Buildings	Core + Dist.Building
Forestry and public roads	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads + Dist.PublicRoads
Forestry roads and buildings	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads + Dist.Building
Public roads and buildings	Core + Dist.PublicRoads + Dist.Building
Full	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads + Dist.PublicRoads + Dist.Building
Integrated step selection analysis (local availability)
Core	SL^a + log(SL) + cos(TA^b) + clearcut_end^c + bog_end + TRI_end + Dist.Water_end^d + log(SL):clearcut_start
Forestry roads	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.ForestryRoads_start
Public roads	Core + Dist.PublicRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.PublicRoads_start
Buildings	Core + Dist.Building_end + log(SL): Dist.Buildling_start
Forestry and public roads	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads_end + log(SL):Dist.ForestryRoads_start + Dist.PublicRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.PublicRoads_start
Forestry roads and buildings	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.ForestryRoads_start + Dist.Building_end + log(SL): Dist.Buildling_start
Public roads and buildings	Core + Public roads + log(SL): Dist.PublicRoads_start + Dist.Building_end + log(SL): Dist.Buildling_start
Full	Core + Dist.ForestryRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.ForestryRoads_start + Dist.PublicRoads_end + log(SL): Dist.PublicRoads_start + Dist.Building_end + log(SL): Dist Buildling_start

^aStep length
^bTurning angle
^c“_end” and “_start” denote if the covariate was extracted from the start or the end point
^d“Dist” is an abbreviation for “distance-to”, and the distance to features were log transformed

ISSN: 2051-3933