Fig. 2
From: Seasonal movements in caribou ecotypes of Western Canada
Seasonal movement patterns monitored with GPS-collars for caribou in Northwestern Canada. Panels a–d show net square displacements for caribou individuals classified as Migrant, Resident, Nomad, or Disperser (a description of patterns for Mixed-Migrants is in Methods). The displacement is best represented by a bell curve (marked with a continuous line above) when the animal is migratory (a). An animal is classified as Resident (b) when the best fitting line quickly reaches an asymptote. Whereas Nomad (c) and Disperser (d) are characterized by diagonal or “s” shaped lines, respectively. Solid lines represent the best fitted models, while other lines represent unsupported models of seasonal movement. Panels e–h show winter and summer locations for the same animals above. e shows a complete separation of seasonal ranges, typical of migratory animals, while the animal in f has ranges overlap and is considered Resident. For Nomads (g) and Dispersers (h), locations are provided in shades of grey, representing time of year (ranges not provided as not established). A detailed description of NSD models representing seasonal movement behaviours is in Additional file 1: Method S1