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Table 2 Summary of models testing for effects of season (spring as a reference) and sex (female as a reference) on (A) total migration distance, (B) total duration of migration, (C) actual duration of migration, (D) total speed of migration and (E) travel speed of common terns deployed with geolocators during 2016–2020

From: High individual repeatability of the migratory behaviour of a long-distance migratory seabird

Model

estimate ± SE*

df

t-value

p-value

A. total migration distance (km)a

Intercept

8.51 ± 0.04

102.20

237.88

< 0.001

season

0.03 ± 0.01

174.30

3.19

0.002

year_2017/18

0.03 ± 0.01

175.60

2.08

0.039

year_2018/19

0.01 ± 0.01

178.10

0.55

0.583

year_2019/20

0.05 ± 0.01

180.00

3.64

< 0.001

sex

0.01 ± 0.04

167.10

0.18

0.859

B. total duration of migration (days)a

Intercept

2.16 ± 0.13

169.59

17.16

< 0.001

season

0.55 ± 0.07

182.36

8.31

< 0.001

year_2017/18

0.08 ± 0.11

195.17

0.74

0.460

year_2018/19

0.05 ± 0.11

210.31

0.47

0.643

year_2019/20

0.27 ± 0.11

223.66

2.47

0.014

sex

− 0.04 ± 0.13

69.97

− 0.33

0.741

C. actual duration of migration (days)b

Intercept

1.82 ± 0.12

96.30

17.14

< 0.001

season

0.28 ± 0.09

106.84

3.21

0.001

year_2017/18

− 0.09 ± 0.11

103.66

− 0.75

0.454

year_2018/19

− 0.05 ± 0.12

110.90

− 0.42

0.673

year_2019/20

0.09 ± 0.11

113.67

0.85

0.396

sex

0.16 ± 0.08

38.13

1.92

0.063

D. total speed of migration (km/day)a

Intercept

6.38 ± 0.10

183.03

61.82

< 0.001

season

− 0.52 ± 0.06

187.88

− 8.38

< 0.001

year_2017/18

− 0.05 ± 0.10

206.74

− 0.47

0.637

year_2018/19

− 0.06 ± 0.11

225.32

− 0.60

0.547

year_2019/20

− 0.22 ± 0.10

235.23

− 2.27

0.024

sex

0.01 ± 0.10

63.16

0.12

0.902

E. travel speed (km/day)b

Intercept

6.59 ± 0.10

89.08

68.91

< 0.001

season

− 0.29 ± 0.08

112.05

− 3.51

< 0.001

year_2017/18

0.10 ± 0.11

110.38

0.94

0.351

year_2018/19

0.05 ± 0.11

113.81

0.41

0.680

year_2019/20

− 0.06 ± 0.10

110.34

− 0.62

0.536

sex

− 0.12 ± 0.07

34.55

− 1.80

0.080

  1. Between-year variation in the dependent variables was accounted for by adding year as a fixed effect to the models (2016/2017 as a reference). P-values ≤ 0.05 are presented in bold
  2. an = 243 (138 + 105) tracks of 64 individuals
  3. bn = 120 (89 + 31) tracks of 47 individuals
  4. *Data were log10-transformed