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Table 4 Results of the generalised linear mixed model (on the cloglog-scale) explaining the probability of engaging in digging behaviour (binomial distribution), as a function of nesting goose density, goose reproduction period (incubation versus brooding), interaction between goose density and reproduction period, as well as fox sex, reproductive status and their interaction (n = 55,434 30-s bursts of accelerometry collected on 23 fox-years)

From: Digging into the behaviour of an active hunting predator: arctic fox prey caching events revealed by accelerometry

Fixed effect

Estimate [95% CI]

SE

z-value

p-value

Intercept

− 1.35 [− 1.68, − 1.01]

0.16

− 8.31

< 0.001

Nesting goose density

0.16 [0.14, 0.18]

0.01

15.54

< 0.001

Goose reproduction period

0.04 [0.01, 0.07]

0.02

2.50

0.01

Density: period

− 0.03 [− 0.06, − 0.01]

0.01

− 2.38

0.02

Fox sex

0.59 [0.10, 1.07]

0.23

2.56

0.01

Fox reproductive status

0.03 [− 0.07, 0.12]

0.05

0.55

0.59

Sex: status

− 1.05 [− 1.16, − 0.94]

0.06

− 18.05

< 0.001

  1. We used as reference values nesting goose density = average, period = incubation, sex = male, and reproductive status = reproductive. Nesting goose density, a proxy for goose nest density, was centered and standardised in the model. Variance and standard error were 0.21 and 0.46 for fox ID and 0.005 and 0.07 for year