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Table 2 Estimates for the effect of an interaction between the habitat variable and breeding site on the probability of a location being a real gull location or a pseudo-absence. Delta (Δ) AIC refers to the change in AIC caused by removing the interaction. Δ AIC values > 2, suggest that selection for that habitat type differs significantly following landfill closure. Stars next to p-values represent significance levels (* < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001)

From: GPS tracking reveals landfill closures induce higher foraging effort and habitat switching in gulls

Habitat Variable

Site

Estimate for landfill status interaction

p value

Δ AIC

Agriculture

Ribble

0.14 (± 0.09)

0.143

0.2

Coastal

Ribble

0.18 (± 0.21)

0.380

-1.2

Landfill

Ribble

-2.29 (± 0.45)

< 0.001***

26.1

Marine

Ribble

-3.11 (± 0.37)

< 0.001***

99.8

Urban

Ribble

0.83 (± 0.11)

< 0.001***

58.2

Agriculture

Walney

1.02 (± 0.04)

< 0.001***

752.4

Coastal

Walney

0.24 (± 0.06)

< 0.001***

12.1

Landfill

Walney

-1.68 (± 0.37)

< 0.001***

14.8

Marine

Walney

-1.76 (± 0.06)

< 0.001***

942.6

Urban

Walney

-0.85 (± 0.07)

< 0.001***

162.9