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Fig. 1 | Movement Ecology

Fig. 1

From: Adaptive drift and barrier-avoidance by a fly-forage migrant along a climate-driven flyway

Fig. 1

Autumn (n = 39) and spring (n = 36) a routes, b schedules, c-l performance metrics and k-l wind support metrics for 19 Canarian Eleonora’s Falcons travelling to and from their North Malagasy wintering grounds. a Migration routes and stop-overs (symbol legend) are shown in relation to supposed ecological barriers for migrant falcons: desert (beige = NDVI < 0.25 in both seasons, ochre = NDVI < 0.25 in spring only) and tropical rainforest (green). Other presumably hospitable habitats -mostly tropical savannahs- are shown in grey. Thick coloured lines indicate the shortest possible great-circle route from Alegranza to Madagascar in autumn (dark red), and from the falcons’ mean spring departure location to Alegranza in spring (dark blue). Dashed grey lines indicate distance to the colony at 1000 km intervals. b Timing of migration is shown as the increasing/decreasing distance to the breeding colony throughout each season. Black dots show stop-overs. c-l Seasonal performance and wind support metrics based on the first recorded trip of each individual in each season (n = 18). We show c, d detour extent and trip duration, e, f stop-over/travel days, g, h diurnal/nocturnal flight hours, i, j mean daily distances and travel time budgets, and k, l tailwind assistance with respect to the falcons’ realized travel direction and the great-circle direction to the seasonal destination. Large coloured dots and whiskers indicate the overall mean ± sd in each season (autumn = red; spring = blue). Black lines connect seasonal statistics (small dots) per individual. Labels show adjusted p-values from a pairwise t-test

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