Table 3 Estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the movement parameters, for the selected 3-state models. The step lengths are modeled with a gamma distribution, and the turning angles with a von Mises distribution based on 1-h data set for resident and non-resident collared leopards
From: Understanding decision making in a food-caching predator using hidden Markov models
State 1 (resting) | State 2 (moderately active) | State 3 (traveling) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Resident | |||
Step mean (km) | 0.006 (0.006,0.007) | 0.095 (0.080,0.113) | 0.600 (0.570,0.625) |
Step SD (km) | 0.005 (0.004,0.005) | 0.100 (0.080,0.121) | 0.430 (0.410,0.451) |
Angle mean (radians) | −2.97 (−2.80,-3.15) | 3.10 (2.82,3.84) | 0.04 (−0.03,0.10) |
Angle concentration | 0.46 (0.38,0.55) | 0.41 (0.27,0.57) | 1.11 (1.00,1.22) |
Non-resident | |||
Step mean (km) | 0.009 (0.008,0.009) | 0.147 (0.126,0.172) | 0.740 (0.705,0.777) |
Step SD (km) | 0.007 (0.007,0.008) | 0.180 (0.154,0.210) | 0.489 (0.467,0.513) |
Angle mean (radians) | 3.10 (3.00,3.20) | 2.74 (1.31,3.79) | −0.02 (−0.07,0.03) |
Angle concentration | 0.57 (051,0.64) | 0.08 (0.02,0.17) | 1.56 (1.40,1.73) |