Stopover departure decisions in songbirds: do long-distance migrants depart earlier and more independently of weather conditions than medium-distance migrants?

Table 2 Effects of weather variables and day of year on night-to-night departure probability in Northern Wheatears, European Robins and Common Blackbirds

Parameter	Estimate ± SE	95% CI	p
Species (European Robin)	−1.112 ± 0.240	−1.581/−0.642	< 0.001
Species (Common Blackbird)	−1.531 ± 0.243	−2.008/− 1.054	< 0.001
Cloud cover	−0.171 ± 0.078	−0.324/− 0.017	0.029
Tailwind assistance	0.100 ± 0.134	−0.173/0.351	0.506
Crosswind	−0.324 ± 0.105	−0.530/− 0.120	0.002
Atmospheric pressure	0.166 ± 0.100	−0.030/0.362	0.098
Δ atmospheric pressure	0.138 ± 0.126	−0.108/0.384	0.273
Air temperature	0.340 ± 0.173	0.000/0.680	0.050
Day of year	0.330 ± 0.108	0.118/0.542	0.002
Species (European Robin) x tailwind assistance	0.644 ± 0.266	0.123/1.165	0.015
Species (Common Blackbird) x tailwind assistance	0.550 ± 0.215	0.128/0.972	0.011
Species (European Robin) x Δ atmospheric pressure	−0.617 ± 0.269	−1.144/− 0.089	0.022
Species (Common Blackbird) x Δ atmospheric pressure	−0.013 ± 0.181	−0.369/0.343	0.943
Species (European Robin) x air temperature	−0.088 ± 0.293	−0.663/0.487	0.765
Species (Common Blackbird) x air temperature	− 0628 ± 0.216	−1.051/− 0.205	0.004

Average model estimates, adjusted standard errors (SE), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and associated p-values of parameters included in the candidate models in Additional file 1: Table S3 are shown. P-values < 0.05 are given in bold font. Reference category for species is Northern Wheatear

ISSN: 2051-3933