Exploration during early life: distribution, habitat and orientation preferences in juvenile king penguins

Table 2 Proportion (% ± SD) of tracks, when birds moved against, with, or perpendicular to the direction of the wind/ocean current across seasons

Medium	Stage	Direction	Summer	Autumn	Winter
Wind	juveniles	Against	27 ± 4^c	32 ± 3^d	20 ± 4^b
		Similar	23 ± 3^bc	15 ± 3^a	28 ± 4^cd
		Cross	49 ± 4^e	53 ± 4^ef	52 ± 4^ef
	non-breeding adults	Against	–	23 ± 3^bc	18 ± 3^ab
		Similar	–	19 ± 2^ab	54 ± 4^ef
		Cross	–	58 ± 3^f	28 ± 3^cd
Ocean Current	juveniles	Against	28 ± 4^cd	29 ± 3^d	17 ± 3^a
		Similar	23 ± 3^b	20 ± 3^ab	35 ± 4^e
		Cross	49 ± 4^f	51 ± 4^f	47 ± 4^f
	non-breeding adults	Against	–	29 ± 3^cde	18 ± 3^ab
		Similar	–	23 ± 3^abc	29 ± 3^cde
		Cross	–	48 ± 3^f	52 ± 4^f

As non-breeding adults left long after the juveniles, sufficient summer data for them is lacking. Differences between stage (juveniles/non-breeding adults), direction and season were assessed with 2 different GLMMs per medium (wind or current) with ‘proportion’ as response variable, using a binomial family. Cells that share the same letter per type of medium (wind or current) are not significantly different from each other. The Bonferroni procedure was used for multiple comparisons

ISSN: 2051-3933