To cross or not to cross – thrushes at the German North Sea coast adapt flight and routing to wind conditions in autumn

Table 2 Results of the most parsimonious CoxPH model investigating the influence of weather parameters on individual departure decisions after model selection according to AIC and stratifying the species’ effect into three distinct time periods

parameter	β	exp(β)	se(β)	z	p
air pressure	0.24	1.27	0.17	1.39	0.164
total cloud cover	−0.54	0.58	0.21	−2,62	0.009 **
northward (v)-wind component	−1.03	0.36	0.20	−5.27	< 0.001 ***
time period 1: species level ‘blackbird’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	1.65	5.23	0.93	1.77	0.076 •
time period 2: species level ‘blackbird’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	−0.70	0.49	0.79	−0.90	0.371
time period 3: species level ‘blackbird’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	−2.72	0.07	1.22	−2.24	0.025 *
time period 1: species level ‘redwing’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	1.42	4.15	0.74	1.93	0.054 •
time period 2: species level ‘redwing’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	0.85	2.35	0.41	2.07	0.039 *
time period 3: species level ‘redwing’ (compared to species level ‘song thrush’)	−0.27	0.77	1.70	−0.15	0.039 *
time period 1: species level ‘blackbird’ (^acompared to species level ‘redwing’)	0.23	1.26	0.86	0.27	0.788
time period 2: species level ‘blackbird’ (^acompared to species level ‘redwing’)	−1.56	0.21	0.85	−1.84	0.065 •
time period 3: species level ‘blackbird’ (^acompared to species level ‘redwing’)	−2.45	0.09	1.96	−1.26	0.210

• p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
R² = 0.073 (max possible: R² = 0.299), AIC = 245.404
^a note that comparison between species levels ‘blackbird’ and ‘redwing’ has been achieved by re-calculating the model with manually re-ordered factor levels

ISSN: 2051-3933