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Table 1 Details of the species and references used in this study. The common name, scientific name, appropriate colour, order, family, and sample sizes of the included birds (spring: spr; autumn: aut) and mean values for the start of migration (day of year; 1 January = 1), end of migration (day of year), total migration distance, and total speed of migration are given. Whether birds stayed predominately at one wintering ground (yes) or at more than one (no) and the lowest body mass indicated by the Handbook of the Birds of the World are detailed. The studies’ corresponding references are listed. Species were ordered based on the phylogenetic tree of the included species derived from TIMETREE (www.timetree.org, see above and Additional file 1). Studies on the Eurasian cuckoo (Cuculus canorus; family: Cuculidae) and the European Roller (Coracias garrulus; family: Coraciidae) were included in this study on Passeriformes (songbirds), as the migration ecology of these species is similar to that of songbirds. All raw data are provided in Additional file 3

From: The start of migration correlates with arrival timing, and the total speed of migration increases with migration distance in migratory songbirds: a cross-continental analysis

No.

Common name

Scientific name

Colour

Order

Family

Sample size

Start of migration[day of year]

End of migration [day of year]

Total migration distance [km]

Total speed of migration [km/day]

One main wintering ground

Body mass [g]

Reference

spr

aut

spr

aut

spr

aut

spr

aut

spr

aut

1

barn swallow

Hirundo rustica

Passeri-formes

Hirundinidae

16

27

93

239

129

308

7933

7933

262

136

yes

16

[37]

2

chestnut-cheeked starling

Sturnus philippensis

Passeri-formes

Sturnidae

4

16

84

254

111

286

4117

4109

156

140

yes

50

[38]

3

northern wheatear (Alaska)

Oenanthe oenanthe

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

8

224

317

14,789

160

yes

18

[39]

4

northern wheatear (Sweden)

Oenanthe oenanthe

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

12

12

76

228

114

289

5247

5162

167

86

yes

18

[40]

5

Stejneger’s stonechat

Saxicola stejnegeri

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

12

282

336

4950

92

yes

13

[41]

6

pied flycatcher

Ficedula hypoleuca

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

8

14

94

227

112

268

5243

5390

316

140

yes

9.7

[42]

7

semicollared flycatcher

Ficedula semitorquata

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

10

11

48

202

98

285

5410

5775

114

69

yes

8

[43]

8

red-spotted bluethroat

Luscinia s. svecica

Passeri-formes

Muscicapidae

2

3

98

243

128

293

5425

6085

186

152

yes

12

[44]

9

Swainson’s thrush

Catharus ustulatus

Passeri-formes

Turdidae

37

39

97

218

148

297

2147

5561

118

84

yes

25

[45, 46]

10

veery

Catharus fuscescens

Passeri-formes

Turdidae

5

3

104

239

135

318

4530

6912

100

89

no

25

[47]

11

wood thrush

Hylocichla mustelina

Passeri-formes

Turdidae

5

109

125

3860

242

yes

40

[48]

12

great reed warbler

Acrocephalus arundinaceus

Passeri-formes

Acrocepha-lidae

6

8

103

216

134

256

7083

6286

220

160

no

22

[49]

13

blackpoll warbler

Setophaga striata

Passeri-formes

Parulidae

3

5

120

286

142

305

4350

3820

197

349

yes

9.7

[50]

14

golden-winged warbler

Vermivora chrysoptera

Passeri-formes

Parulidae

6

6

104

245

138

295

3831

3831

117

82

yes

7.2

[51]

15

tawny pipit

Anthus campestris

Passeri-formes

Motacillidae

3

6

61

223

127

270

4530

4233

100

85

no

17

[52]

16

chestnut-collared longspur

Calcarius ornatus

Passeri-formes

Calcariidae

4

6

74

276

116

317

1396

1318

34

36

yes

17

[53]

17

snow bunting

Plectrophenax nivalis

Passeri-formes

Emberizidae

18

20

130

268

151

302

2147

2661

118

79

yes

18

[54]

18

ortolan bunting

Emberiza hortulana

Passeri-formes

Emberizidae

6

6

95

234

136

290

6061

6061

146

106

yes

17

[55]

19

linnet

Carduelis cannabina

Passeri-formes

Fringillidae

5

6

45

258

109

325

1496

1489

24

24

yes

15

[56]

20

red-backed shrike

Lanius collurio

Passeri-formes

Laniidae

6

9

84

226

147

324

11,862

9719

190

99

yes

22.5

[57]

21

red-eyed vireo

Vireo olivaceus

Passeri-formes

Vireonidae

10

1

83

247

131

294

4814

5264

104

112

yes

12

[58]

22

willow warbler

Phylloscopus trochilus

Passeri-formes

Phylloscopidae

15

215

284

6058

92

yes

6.3

[59]

23

Eastern kingbird

Tyrannus tyrannus

Passeri-formes

Tyrannidae

8

8

110

245

132

288

5249

6437

264

128

yes

40

[60]

24

scissor-tailed flycatcher

Tyrannus forficatus

Passeri-formes

Tyrannidae

2

5

100

296

108

307

2515

2599

419

284

yes

39

[60]

25

Western kingbird

Tyrannus verticalis

Passeri-formes

Tyrannidae

6

11

110

204

126

211

2570

1425

278

219

no

35

[60]

26

European roller

Coracias garrulus

Coracii-formes

Coraciidae

4

10

64

228

122

308

9318

9259

168

97

yes

127

[61]

27

common cuckoo

Cuculus canorus

Cuculi-formes

Cuculidae

3

6

38

192

140

307

9136

7118

94

65

no

115

[62]