Table 1 Details of the environmental variables obtained from digital elevation models and from oceanographic remote sensing satellites for this study, including measurement unit, abbreviation used in the text, range, spatial and temporal resolution, product name, and source. A reference to the literature is provided for product documentation or variable derivation. The original sources of the products are also given

Bottom depth (m)

DEPTH

0.0083 deg

static

SRTM30_PLUS v.6.0 digital bathymetry.

Reference: [65].

UCSD/SIO [66]

Bottom slope (m/km)

SLOPE

0.0083 deg

static

Derived from bathymetry using a two-dimensional Sobel gradient operator.

Reference: [67].

UCSD/SIO [66]

Bottom aspect (eastness; unitless)

EASTNESS

0.0083 deg

static

Derived from bathymetry.

Reference: [68].

UCSD/SIO [66]

Bottom aspect (northness; unitless)

NORTHNESS

0.0083 deg

static

Derived from bathymetry.

Reference: [68].

UCSD/SIO [66]

Distance to shelf break (200-m isobath) (km)

DISTSHELF

0.0333 deg

static

ETOPO2 v.2 g 2-min Gridded Global Relief Data

Reference: [69]

NOAA/NCEI [69]

Sea surface height (cm)

SSH

0.3333 deg

irregular (1–7 d)

Merged (Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1/−2, Geosat, GFO, Envisat, Jason-1/− 2).

Reference: [70].

CMEMS [71]

Ekman upwelling (cm/s)

WEKM

0.2500 deg

8 d

Seawinds/QuikSCAT, Global Ekman Current Velocity and Ekman Upwelling. Derived from wind stress.

Reference: [72, 73].

ERDDAP [59], using 1-d wind-stress measurements from NASA/JPL [74] and RSS [75]

Sea surface temperature (°C)

SST

4.40 km

5 d

AVHRR Pathfinder v. 5.2 (day and night)

Reference: [76].

NOAA/NCEI [77]

Chlorophyll-a concentration (mg/m³)

CHL

4.63 km

8 d

Merged (MERIS/MODIS/SeaWiFS/Polder; GSM product).

Reference: [78].

GlobColour Project [79]