Table 1 Tuned parameters and settings for each of the five segmentation methodologies

Pattern Description

k-Means clustering

–

–

First-passage time

Radius

250 m

Threshold

142 s

State-space modeling

Expectation Maximization and binary clustering

–

–

Hidden Markov model

Regularization

15 s

Initial step length (mean/SD)

State 1: 70.2/ 27.6 m

State 2: 160.8/ 23.0 m

Initial turn angle (mean/concentration)

State 1: 0/0.1

State 2: 0/0.1

Behavioral Change Point Analysis

Correlated velocity movement behavioral partitioning

Window size

2 (2.5)^a min

Window step

1.25 min

Minimum changepoint distance

0.5 min