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Table 3 Model results of the relationship between habitat use and response variables the logarithm of trip duration in hours (Log (Duration)), the square root of duration of flapping flight in hours (sqrt (Flapping)), and the logarithm of energy expenditure in kJ per hour (log (energy))

From: Foraging for high caloric anthropogenic prey is energetically costly

Response variable

Fixed factors

Model estimates

Chisq

∆AICc

p-value

df

R2m

R2c

Log (Duration)

Intercept U.

1.22 ± 0.09 a

89.55

81.55

<2e-16

4

0.13

0.23

Marine

−0.40 ± 0.10b

      

Intertidal

−0.35 ± 0.09b

Terrestrial

− 0.77 ± 0.09c

Mixed

−0.06 ± 0.11a

Sqrt (Flapping)

Intercept U.

0.92 ± 0.05 a

120.58

112.58

<2e-16

4

0.18

0.25

Marine

−0.06 ± 0.05a

      

Intertidal

−0.30 ± 0.05b

Terrestrial

−0.43 ± 0.05c

Mixed

−0.05 ± 0.06a

Log (Energy)

Intercept U.

4.46 ± 0.04a

96.20

88.20

<2e-16

4

0.15

0.16

Marine

0.09 ± 0.06 a

      

Intertidal

−0.27 ± 0.05b

Terrestrial

−0.29 ± 0.05b

Mixed

−0.05 ± 0.06a

  1. We used linear mixed-effect models with habitat category as fixed effect and bird ID as random intercept. Model estimates and standard error (SE) are shown for the five categories; Intercept U is the intercept and the estimate for category urban. When the estimates for the other fixed factors are negative, this category has a lower output of the response variable than the Intercept U. When the estimates of the other fixed factors are positive, this category has a higher output of the response variable than the Intercept U. The fixed factor with the highest model estimate per model is printed in bold and the statistical differences of the groups are indicated with letters. We provided the marginal (R2m) and conditional (R2c) for every model which represents, respectively, the variance explained for the fixed factors alone or the variance explained taking by both the fixed and random factors (individual birdIDs)
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Movement Ecology

ISSN: 2051-3933