Fig. 3

Social interactions on flowers. During an interaction a (yellow) bee joins another (blue) bee already on the flower (grey circle). The joining bee can leave the flower first (resident stays) or replace the resident bee (resident leaves). Both types of interactions can take place on emptied flowers (the resident bee fed on the flower for more than 8 s before the interaction occurred; grey circle with white centre) or on not-emptied (or partially emptied) flowers (the resident bee fed on the flower for less than 8 s before the interaction occurred; grey circle with black centre). For each type of interaction, the sample size, the mean duration (± standard deviation), the maximum duration, and the proportion of interactions where contacts occurred are shown