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Fig. 4 | Movement Ecology

Fig. 4

From: Quantifying animal movement for caching foragers: the path identification index (PII) and cougars, Puma concolor

Fig. 4

a Temporal autocorrelation of the movement index for AS07’s period of observation shows movement is correlated in time. The lag time, in number of consecutive observations, is approximately 12 observations on average before correlation reaches 0. The mean lag time across our 6 study animals was a 15-fix lag (~2.5 day period). b We used this lag period to set a 15-fix, centered moving average window to identify coarser scale movement patterns. Rapid directional movements which have a low index value were identified as directed movement between areas AS07 searched for prey. Mid-level index values (1.4–1.8) were identified as searching behavior due to changes in speed, straightness, and site fidelity. Movements associated with an index greater than 1.8 were classified as potential cache sites and movements associated with likely feeding behavior. The two cache sites shown below were verified in the field to be locations were AS07 cached and fed on mule deer carcasses. Search and feeding behaviors occurred at all times of the day. Directed movements (low PII values) are primarily conducted during nocturnal hours. c Same movement of AS07’s shown in Fig. 2, displayed as three classes of movement

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