Fig. 4

The spatial scale of mallard movements at the four study sites in the Netherlands (OA = Oud Alblas, TN = Terra Nova, JP = Juliusput, EV = Enterveen) in the order of high to low freshwater habitat availability. Graphs represent a the mean flight distance per day, b the maximum flight distance per day, c the total home range size (100% MCP), d the core area size (50% KUD), e the number of flights per day, and f the number of core areas visited per day. The boxes indicate the median between 25th and 75th percentiles with whiskers depicting the 5th and 95th percentiles. Letters denote statistical differences (p < 0.05) based on HSD Tukey post-hoc tests following linear mixed-effects models (Table 2)