Fig. 3
From: Collective behavior as a driver of critical transitions in migratory populations
Collapse of population size and structure in multi-site breeding migration (Model 2). Panels a–c show equilibrium population size from Eqs. (7)–(9) as a function of mortality, for relative fitness of non-locally adapted individuals of p=0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 respectively. Locally adapted populations (N h ) are blue while those for non-locally adapted populations (N s ) are red. See Fig. 2 legend for details. Panel d traces the branching points (solid lines), Hopf points (dotted lines) and limit points (dashed lines) through h-p space. The black and grey solid lines correspond to branching points for N h and N s respectively. The qualitatively distinct equilibrium states are: i) Bistable [high N h , low N s | both extinct]; ii) Bistable [high N h , low N s |N h extinct, N s present]; iii) Bistable ∗ [Both N h and N s present |N h extinct, N s present (∗Not stable to invasion by the N h type, however once out of the system it could take evolutionary time to recover them, so it may be stable on short time-scales.)]; iv) N h extinct, N s present; v & vi) Both extinct