Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Weiser, Emily L.; Lanctot, Richard B.; Brown, Stephen C.; Alves, José A.; Battley, Phil F.; Bentzen, Rebecca; Bêty, Joël; Bishop, Mary Anne; Boldenow, Megan; Bollache, Loïc; Casler, Bruce; Christie, Maureen; Coleman, Jonathan T.; Conklin, Jesse R.; English, Willow B.; Gates, H. River; Gilg, Olivier; Giroux, Marie-Andrée; Gosbell, Ken; Hassell, Chris; Helmericks, Jim; Johnson, Andrew; Katrínardóttir, Borgný; Koivula, Kari; Kwon, Eunbi; Lamarre, Jean-Francois; Lang, Johannes; Lank, David B.; Lecomte, Nicolas; Liebezeit, Joe; Loverti, Vanessa; McKinnon, Laura; Minton, Clive; Mizrahi, David; Nol, Erica; Pakanen, Veli-Matti; Perz, Johanna; Porter, Ron; Rausch, Jennie; Reneerkens, Jeroen; Rönkä, Nelli; Saalfeld, Sarah; Senner, Nathan; Sittler, Benoît; Smith, Paul A.; Sowl, Kristine; Taylor, Audrey; Ward, David H.; Yezerinac, Stephen; Sandercock, Brett K.

doi:10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6

Movement Ecology

Table 3 Model-averaged effects of explanatory variables on return rates for each species and subspecies of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

From: Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Species	Intercept	Geolocator		Nest fate^a				Sex^b				Previously marked^c		Day of capture		Marker mass		Body mass
	Intercept	Geolocator		Hatched		Unknown		Male		Unsexed		Previously marked^c		Day of capture		Marker mass		Body mass
	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	RI^d	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI	Mean (SE)	RI
SESA	−0.66 (0.24)	−1.10 (0.45)	1.00	0.28 (0.15)	0.43	0.15 (0.20)	0.43	0	0	0	0	0.22 (0.14)	0.59	0.05 (0.11)	0.19	−0.34 (0.24)	0.49	0	0
WESA	−0.80 (0.22)	−0.99 (0.67)	0.52	0.43 (0.22)	1.00	−0.23 (0.33)	1.00	0.11 (0.19)	0.14	0.60 (0.32)	0.14	0.46 (0.20)	0.91	−0.12 (0.19)	0.10	−0.52 (0.32)	0.54	0	0
RNPH	−0.41 (0.30)	−0.79 (0.77)	0.37
DUNLsch	0.95 (0.60)	−0.24 (0.44)	0.28					0.97 (0.36)	1.00			0	0					0	0
SANDrub	−1.84 (0.45)	1.03 (0.46)	0.72
DUNLhud	−0.62 (0.16)	0.39 (0.48)	0.22	0	0	0	0					0.15 (0.31)	0.16	−0.25 (0.25)	0.23
DUNLpac	−0.11 (0.44)	−0.70 (0.39)	0.60	0.33 (0.45)	0.36	−0.34 (0.55)	0.36					0.71 (0.32)	0.88	−0.47 (0.30)	0.55
DUNLarc	−0.77 (0.17)	−0.66 (0.31)	0.82	0	0	0	0	0.57 (0.19)	1.00	−0.22 (0.29)	1.00	0.21 (0.19)	0.36	0	0	0	0	0	0
SANDalb	−1.31 (0.24)	0	0									0.32 (0.27)	0.32			0.22 (0.22)	0.22
GSAP	−0.29 (0.11)	0.46 (0.20)	1.00
GTTA	−0.08 (0.10)	0	0									0	0	0.23 (0.20)	0.41			0	0
RUTUint	−1.17 (0.20)	−0.52 (0.32)	0.58
RUTUmor	−1.11 (0.77)	0.49 (0.67)	0.35					0	0	0	0	0	0					0	0
BLTU	−0.38 (0.61)	−0.33 (0.31)	0.11					0.89 (0.52)	0.55	1.27 (0.75)	0.55			−0.76 (0.75)	0.35	−0.25 (0.30)	0.09	−0.66 (0.34)	0.72
REKNrog	0.26 (0.21)	0	0									0	0					0.79 (0.47)	0.61
REKNruf	−1.00 (0.07)	0.20 (0.19)	0.37
AMGP	−1.47 (0.47)	0.44 (0.41)	0.20	0.83 (0.61)	0.24	1.01 (0.57)	0.24	0	0	0	0	−0.50 (0.54)	0.11	−0.97 (0.33)	1.00	−0.75 (0.48)	0.75	−0.55 (0.31)	0.74
GRSN	−0.73 (0.28)	0.20 (0.36)	0.28
GRKN	0.19 (0.32)	0.74 (0.37)	0.73
BTGO	0.88 (0.25)	−0.29 (0.38)	0.32					0	0	0	0			0	0	0	0
WHIMhud	−0.09 (0.24)	0.35 (0.35)	0.24	0	0	0	0	0.43 (0.36)	0.31
WHIMisl	−0.88 (0.54)	1.38 (0.46)	0.67	0	0	0	0	0.49 (0.38)	0.43
FECU	−1.09 (0.71)	1.51 (0.76)	1.00

Models included random effects of site on both the intercept and the geolocator effect, and a random effect of individual when relevant. Blank indicates a variable not tested for a given species (data unavailable); zero indicates a variable tested but not present in the final model. Species are sorted by ascending body mass, and species codes are defined in Table 1. Explanatory variables are defined in Table 2. Sample sizes are given in Table 2; top model sets are given in Additional file 1: Table S6.
^aFailed nest was the baseline
^bFemale was the baseline sex
^cUnmarked was baseline relative to previously marked; failed nest was baseline for nest fate
^dRelative importance of the variable in the averaged model; bold text indicates RI ≥ 0.80

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