Exploring the environmental drivers of waterfowl movement in arid landscapes using first-passage time analysis

Table 5 Summary of the generalised mixed models with the highest support in the analysis of mean first-passage time (mFPT_Rmax) as a function of environmental variables

	Parameter	β	Lower CI	Upper CI	SE	R² _GLMM(m)	R² _GLMM(c)	VIF (kappa)
Egyptian Geese						9.4 %	17.2 %	3.64
	(Intercept)	1.34	1.24	1.45	0.06
	ΔNDVI _t-32	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.02
	ΔPrecip_t-32	0.12	0.09	0.14	0.02
	Site : JOZ vs. BAR	0.04	−0.14	0.23	0.11
	Site : MAN vs. BAR	−0.13	−0.33	0.07	0.12
	Site : STR vs. BAR	0.25	0.10	0.40	0.09
No. of observations: 1165, random effect groups: ID, 29
Red-billed Teal						11.3 %	13.1 %	4.42
	(Intercept)	1.59	1.47	1.71	0.07
	ΔNDVI _t-32	−0.06	−0.11	−0.01	0.03
	ΔPrecip_t-32	0.16	0.12	0.21	0.03
	Site : MAN vs. BAR	−0.12	−0.27	0.03	−0.11
	Site : STR vs. BAR	0.24	0.08	0.39	0.09
No. of observations: 445, random effect groups: ID, 14

R² values are measures of model fit based on fixed effects only (marginal variance, R² _GLMM(m)) and on the full model including random effects (conditional variance, R² _GLMM(c))

ISSN: 2051-3933