Metapopulation viability of an endangered shorebird depends on dispersal and human-created habitats: piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and prairie rivers

Table 4 Extinction risk for the piping plover metapopulation

	Extinction probability (SE)	Mean years to extinction (SE)	Mean subopulation size (individuals)			λ_deter ^a	λ_stoch ^b
			20 years	50 years	100 years
Metapopulation	0.0 % (0.0)	NA	220	212	203	NA	1.1
HC	0.0 % (0.0)	NA	123	121	123	1.1	1.1
M1F	47.7 % (1.6)	21.3 (0.4)	27	21	22	0.9	1.1
M2	0.5 % (0.2)	65.3 (2.7)	69	60	58	1.0	1.0

The metapopulation was composed of subpopulations on the lower Platte River (HC) and on the Missouri River at Gavins Point Reach (M1F) and Lewis and Clarke Lake (M2). Trends were simulated for 1000 stochastic replicates of 100 years in the population viability analysis program Vortex
^aFinite rate of population increase, deterministic
^bFinite rate of population increase, stochastic

ISSN: 2051-3933